4.19 India

• Oldest civilizations to study
• roots go back at least 5000 ya

Harappin civilizations

• type site name *unlike ancient Egypt, ancient China etc..* although there is a script the language has not yet been deciphered
• Mohenjo-Daro
• Siva Nataraja
• Vedic - the basic Hindu texts and Gods

Hindu India

1. Brahman - transcendent self (immaterial)
2. Atman - the infinite self (identity)
3. Rita - correct action or truth (order)
4. Veda - knowledge (Vedic period c 1500-500 bce)
   
1. texts that underlie all Hindu society
5. Upanishad - last of the Vedic texts written as parables treatises on the nature of the individual, the cosmos, and existence

Kama = desire
Karma = measure of one's existence through one's acts and every act produces an effect that must find fulfillment
Dharma = responsibility
Rasa - essence (nonmaterial)
Transmigration
Vishnu (Preserver),
Siva (Destroyer)
Brahman ( Creator)
Kandarya Mahadeva Temple in Khajuraho

• faces East (towards rising sun)
• temple a vehicle to help focus and concentrate on God
• no congregation in this temple
• 3D of a mandala

Standard for Indian temple architecture:

• Womb (light into darkness/ material to immaterial)
• Cult image (Siva Lingam)
• Bakti - devotion
• Puya - offerings
• Darsan - gazing

Kailasa (Siva) Temple at Ellora

• story of shaking of mountain
• shiva dancing